Physical Activity And Its Effects On The Health Condition...

Introduction Level of lifetime physical activity is often used as an indicator of the overall health of a population. Lack of physical activity has been identified as one of the major contributing factors of chronic health conditions, such as Hypertension, Obesity, and Type II Diabetes. These conditions are now linked to the growing trend of sedentary lifestyle that currently exist in today s youth. According to the CDC, at least 30 minutes of physical activity is recommended daily, to maintain a healthy balance and reduce the risks of developing health problems in the future1. As cited by the CDC, lower rates of Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are seen with 120 to 150 minutes (2 to 2.5 hours) a week of at least moderate – intensity aerobic activity and the more one engages in physical activity (herein to be referred as PA), the lower the risk of developing Diabetes in one’s life 11. Diabetes affects millions of people in the United States and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the US5. Type 2 Diabetes, which is the most common type of Diabetes, is predisposed by obesity and physical inactivity 7. Consistent physical activity is an integral part of prevention and diabetes management5. Physical activity is not limited to exercising, but also includes recreational activities, leisure activities, occupation and household chores. Physical activity is different from population to population and is influenced by cultural norms, infrastructure, awareness,Show MoreRelatedObesity as a Disease Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract As a health care professional it is our position statement that obesity should be considered as a disease. Overweight and obese adults are considered at risk for developing diseases such as type II diabetes, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and certain type of cancers. 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Caesare Beccaria on Crime and Punishment - 585 Words

Caesare Beccaria thoughts on crime and punishment was that it’s inhuman. Caesare had insight to what was the proper punishment for such crimes. He questioned whether the death penalty was really useful or necessary to maintain order in society. Is torture needed to insure that the laws are observed? He wondered what the best way to prevent a crime was and if all punishments were effective given the crime that was committed. Caesare protected the innocent people who were helpless in their situation. He considered it cruel that a man was accused of a crime before his trial in hopes that he would confess to what he has done or discover that the man was innocent to begin with. He believed that no man could be guilty before he has been sentenced in front of a judge, or society deprives him of protection before he has been proven guilty. Caesare believed that if the crime was certain that the laws that governed them would establish the punishment, and if uncertain of the crime than the innocent should not be tortured because such crimes have not been proven. The innocent man will convince himself that he is guilty in doing so believes that the pain and torment would disappear. When presented with two men who are equally innocent or equally guilty. The strong man will prevail and the weak man will be condemned. The innocent man is tortured and indorses more pain than that of the guilty man. If a man confesses to a crime, he is condemned, or if he is declared innocent, he hasShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment : The Greatest Impact Of The Enlightenment945 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. Another Philosopher known as Caesare Beccaria, who’s thoughts can be easily compared to the thoughts of Thomas Hobbes. He thought that the purpose of punishment is to create a better society, not revenge, and serves to deter others from committing crimes, and to prevent the criminal from repeating his crime. He also believed in free will, and rational manner, which allows people to make choices, and he also wrote the treatise â€Å"On Crimes and Punishments.† â€Å"Is the death penalty really usefulRead MoreOrigins of Concepts of Justice2088 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosophical foundations of the concept. This chapter discusses justice and Chapter 5 discusses the administration of law. ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE †¢ Definitions of justice include fairness, equality, impartiality, appropriate rewards or punishments. †¢ Justice should not be confused with â€Å"good.† †¢ Walsh said justice may be â€Å"hardwired† in humans (cheaters and suckers). †¢ Justice concerns rights and interests more often than needs. †¢ Justice originates in the Greek word dike, which is

Sustainability Principles Practice Taylor -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sustainability Principles Practice Taylor? Answer: Introduction Held on 26th of January every year, Australia Day is the known to be the national day of Australia (Macnamara and Crawford 2013). It is the day that brings out the essence of being an Australian and celebrates the history of Australia as well as acknowledges its contemporary state(Australiaday.org.au 2018). This paper evaluates the events of the Australia Day of 2018 that took place on the 25 Ferras Road, South Morang and was under the governance of the Council of the City of Whittlesea. The paper discusses its positive and negative impacts along with the efficiency of its operational management. The discussions are based on the principles of sustainability and the triple bottom line approach. The first section provides a general idea of cultural sustainability and of the triple bottom line approach. The second section of the paper discusses and analyzes the positive and negative impacts of the event. The third section of the paper evaluates the operational management of the event in cluding the extent to which it was successful in attaining its goals and in satisfying its stakeholders. Cultural Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line Approach Cultural sustainability is related to sustainable development, especially in maintaining cultural beliefs, cultural heritage, cultural practices, and in conserving the cultural entity and identity (Axelsson et al. 2013). The three main and important principles in the regard of sustainability in tourism and culture are environmental, social and economic. Tourism, festivals and other cultural events affects culture directly (Robertson 2017). Hence, sociologists strive hard to maintain a local cultural environment that is stable physically, socio-culturally and economically. The triple bottom line is a method first introduced by John Elkington for assessing the values of corporations not only in the economic sphere, but also in the social and environmental spheres (Glac 2015). The economic impact of an event is determined by the demonstration of the returns gained by the private or public sectors from their funding and investments in an event (Dixon et al. 2013). The social impact is realized by the identification of an events efforts to contribute to the society and its quality of life. The environmental impact is assessed by the extent to which an event contributes to the purpose of attaining a sustainable environment (Sridhar and Jones 2013). The triple bottom line approach is an area of interest for evaluation of the impacts of an event on the society, the economy and the environment and is often undertaken by the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre based in Australia. Positive and Negative Impacts of the Australia Day The Australia Day had many positive and negative impacts as assessed by the triple bottom line approach and based on the principles of sustainability. Positive Impacts Socio-cultural Impacts Acceptance of a multicultural diversity as people from all over the world including Australians of the Aborigines and Torres Straits were gathered together for a common cause. Provided with opportunities for people of different communities to interact and socialize through various fun activities organized. Development of inter-community relationships. Development of cultural awareness among people. Generation of a sense of pride within and among the communities. Economic Impacts Promotion of the city of Whittlesea as tourist destination. High revenue returns from various monetary funds, and entertainment and food sections. Emergence of new business networks providing better and more business opportunities. Provided the event and the city of Whittlesea an international status through various business networks and through media coverage. Increased number of participants. Increased amount of sponsorships and investments in the event. Environmental Impacts Presence of volunteers to ensure proper waste disposal and management as well as to prevent littering. Presence of event organizers and volunteers to prevent waste or hot oil spillage on the grass. Presence of signs that prohibited smoking and also prohibited people from swimming in the pond. Negative Impacts Socio-cultural Impacts Community clashes and conflicts had demonstrated a negative image of the communities (Bond, 2015). Alcohol and drug abuse leading to an unhealthy and disturbing environment. Economic Impacts The incidents involving community clashes and riots called for extra security management that required and had cost additional charges than the previous years. The presence of the radio station could broadcast any mishap that would have affected the reputation of the event, the people, and the destination causing a reduction in the tourist attraction. Environmental Impacts The fireworks had caused air pollution. Littering on the grounds. Operational Management The Australia Day at Whittlesea was under the governance of the Council of the City of Whittlesea. Attainment of Goals The Australia Day of 2018 of the city of Whittlesea have successfully met its goals. The event witnessed the participation of people in large numbers from various and diverse communities. A large number of diverse communities interacted and socialized strengthening the inter-community as well as intra-community relationships. Moreover, the day brought together the Australians from various cultural backgrounds as a common fraternity and that developed a sense of pride and a sense of respect for the national culture and its traditions. The communities and the people participated in the acknowledgement of a common history together as a whole. The event saw the recognition of 122 new Australian citizens and accepted them within a common nationality. Moreover, the awards presented to the Australian of the year, the young citizen of the year, the citizen of the year, the community group of the year paid due respect and acknowledged not only the people who had significantly contributed to t he nation and its states, but also paid tribute to the people of the Aboriginal and Torres Straits. Community Engagement Community engagement at events is one of the most important aspects to make an event successful. Community engagements can be both active and passive. Active community engagement requires an active involvement of people and communities in the event so as to develop a greater sense of community as well as to improve community skills (Waterton and Watson 2013). Passive community engagement on the other hand does not require participation on the part of the people or communities and is done via association with councils and businesses. The Australia Day ensured an active community engagement as it required the people and communities to participate actively towards a common cause of developing a sense of togetherness and national pride (Fozdar, Spittles and Hartley 2015). This was done through the various fun filled activities that engaged communities into socializing and through the awards ceremony that ensured a sense of encouragement and pride among the communities. Risk and Safety Management Security and safety are the two very important measures to be taken to ensure a successful event (Getz and Page 2016). The event organizers of the Australia Day at Whittlesea had taken good measures for ensuring the safety of the event participants. There were increased number of security check-points, security barriers and security guards to ensure the safety of the people in case of any community conflicts, clashes, riots and in case of any accidents. There were fire brigades already at the spot in case of a fire emergency during the fireworks. Ambulances and medical assistance were also kept ready. There were volunteers and event organizers on the ground ensuring that all the vendors of the various stalls hold proper licenses and insurance. An information booth was arranged for the public in case of any assistance or if anyone got lost. Additionally, there were safety signs that prevented people from smoking, crossing security barriers and from swimming in the pond. Satisfaction of Stakeholders The stakeholders were satisfied to a large extent. The people and communities who participated were happy and had developed a sense of belongingness. The investors and sponsors had also gained from the huge number of participants in the event. The media coverage, both traditional and social, of the event had resulted in the promotion of the event increasing its economic aspects in the fields of business and tourism of Whittlesea. The people and the communities had developed a common sense of nationality sharing a common history. However, a few minute details could have caused dissatisfaction among the stakeholders. First, many people belonging to the Aborigines and Torres Straits feel Australia Day as a day or mourning since they feel it to be the day they had lost their rights on their lands and freedom (Kleist 2017). Second, the event started later than it was planned. Third, it had rained in the middle of the event and it had raised a doubt on the occurrence of the fireworks. Four th and finally, a constant check had to be kept on the weather conditions to ensure the display of the fireworks. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that the Australia Day event of Whittlesea had been successful in satisfying its stakeholders. It had increased cultural awareness among the people of Australia while bringing them under a closed and shared fraternity. It had also had beneficial economic impacts in promoting the event and the destination for tourist attraction. The event also had operated for attaining a sustainable environment and for maintaining a proper environment quality. However, there were some minor setbacks. Nevertheless, the event was successful in achieving its goals and purpose. References Australiaday.org.au. (2018).Australia Day. [online] Available at: https://www.australiaday.org.au/ [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Axelsson, R., Angelstam, P., Degerman, E., Teitelbaum, S., Andersson, K., Elbakidze, M. and Drotz, M.K., 2013. Social and cultural sustainability: Criteria, indicators, verifier variables for measurement and maps for visualization to support planning. Ambio, 42(2), pp.215-228. Bond, C., 2015. The day I don't feel Australian? That would be Australia Day. The Conversation. Dixon, J., Scura, L., Carpenter, R. and Sherman, P., 2013. Economic analysis of environmental impacts. Routledge. Fozdar, F., Spittles, B. and Hartley, L.K., 2015. Australia Day, flags on cars and Australian nationalism. Journal of Sociology, 51(2), pp.317-336. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016. Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Glac, K., 2015. Triple Bottom Line. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Kleist, J.O., 2017. Australia Day from Colony to Citizenship: 17881948. In Political Memories and Migration (pp. 41-101). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Macnamara, J. and Crawford, R., 2013. The construction of Australia Day: A study of public relations as new cultural intermediaries. Continuum, 27(2), pp.294-310. Robertson, M., 2017. Sustainability principles and practice. Taylor Francis. Sridhar, K. and Jones, G., 2013. The three fundamental criticisms of the Triple Bottom Line approach: An empirical study to link sustainability reports in companies based in the Asia-Pacific region and TBL shortcomings. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 2(1), pp.91-111. Waterton, E. and Watson, S. eds., 2013. Heritage and community engagement: collaboration or contestation?. Routledge.

Women And The History Of Computers Essay Papers Example For Students

Women And The History Of Computers Essay Papers The earliest existence of a modern day computers ancestor was the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father who was a tax collector. We will write a custom essay on Women And The History Of Computers Papers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1,000 50-digit numbers. Built into his machine were operations that included everything a modern computer would need. It was programmed by, and stored data on, cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punch cards. But his inventions became failures because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device. By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aikens machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations. The Mark I was controlled from pre-punched paper tape. The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator. It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times fast er than the previous generation of computers. ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955. The first wave of modern programmed electronic computers appeared in 1947. This group included computers using random access memory (RAM), which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information. These machines had punched card or punched-tape input and output devices and RAMs of 1000-word capacity. The first generation of stored program computers required considerable maintenance. Typically, they were programmed directly in machine language, although by the mid-1950s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of machines included EDVAC and UNIVAC, the first commercially available computers. Early in the 1950s two important engineering discoveries changed the electronic computer field. The first computers were made with vacuum tubes, but by the late 1950s computers were being made out of transistors, which were smaller, less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient. In 1959, Robert Noyce, a physicist at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, invented the integrated circuit, a tiny chip of silicon that contained an entire electronic circuit. Gone was the bulky, unreliable, but fast machine; now computers began to become more compact, more reliable and have more capacity. Memory storage capacities increased 800% in commercially available machines by the early 1960s and speeds increased by an equally large margin. In the 1960s efforts to design and develop the fastest possible computers with the greatest capacity reached a turning point with the completion of the LARC machine for Livermore Radiation Laboratories by the Sperry-Rand Corporation, and the Stretch computer by IBM. The LARC had a core memory of 98,000 words and multiplied in 10 microseconds. Stretch was provided with several ranks of memory having slower access for the ranks of greater capacity, the fastest access time being less than 1 microseconds and the total capacity in the vicinity of 100 million words. .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .postImageUrl , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:visited , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:active { border:0!important; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:active , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Expansion EssayDuring this time the major computer manufacturers began to offer a range of computer capabilities, as well as various computer-related equipment. These included input means such as consoles and card feeders; output means such as page printers, cathode-ray-tube displays, and graphing devices; and optional magnetic tape and magnetic-disk file storage. The trend during the 1970s was, to some extent, away from extremely powerful, centralized computational centers and toward a broader range of applications for less-costly computer systems. Most continuous-process manufacturing, such as petroleum defining and electrical-power distribution systems, began u sing computers of relatively modest capability for controlling and regulating their activities. In the 1960s the programming of applications problems was an obstacle to the self-sufficiency of moderate-sized on-site computer installations, but great advances in applications programming languages removed these obstacles. Applications languages became available for controlling a great range of manufacturing processes, for computer operation of machine tools, and for many other tasks. In 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr., an engineer at the Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the development of the computer began. A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. The size-reduction trend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals. One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380. The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved pushing buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didnt include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited. Even though, many ord ers came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their start in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard when they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975. However, the newly formed Apple Computer Company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II (The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniaks garage, which was not produced on a wide scale). Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software system. Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsofts. This would lead to huge profits for Microsoft. Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing start into one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the United States. It now comprises thousands of companies, making eve rything from multi-million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year. Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of peoples lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyones life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history.